1. Purpose of the Retraction Policy

The purpose of this policy is to establish a transparent procedure for correcting the scholarly record when a published article contains a serious error, unreliable findings or evidence of publication or research misconduct.

Advanced Scientific Research recognizes that corrections and retractions are important mechanisms for maintaining trust in scholarly communication.

2. Principles of Post-Publication Integrity

3. Corrections

A correction may be appropriate when a published article contains an error that does not invalidate the main findings or overall reliability of the work.

Examples may include:

• Typographical or factual errors.
• Incorrect author information.
• Errors in tables, figures or captions that can be corrected.
• Minor methodological or textual errors that do not alter the main conclusions.
• Other mistakes that require formal clarification.

4. Expression of Concern

Advanced Scientific Research may publish an Expression of Concern when serious questions have been raised about a published article but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to make a final decision.

An Expression of Concern may be considered when:

• A credible allegation of research or publication misconduct is under investigation.
• The reliability of important findings is uncertain.
• An institutional investigation is ongoing.
• Relevant evidence is incomplete or unavailable.

5. Retraction of a Published Article

Retraction may be considered when an article's findings, conclusions or underlying research record are sufficiently unreliable that the article should no longer be relied upon as part of the scholarly literature.

Retraction may be initiated by the journal, authors, institutions or other credible sources of information, depending on the circumstances.

6. Grounds for Retraction

Depending on the circumstances and available evidence, an article may be considered for retraction for reasons including:

• Evidence that the published findings are unreliable because of major error.
• Fabrication or falsification of research data.
• Serious plagiarism.
• Duplicate or redundant publication that materially distorts the scholarly record.
• Unauthorized or unethical use of data or research material.
• Serious ethical violations involving research participants where applicable.
• Major undisclosed conflicts of interest that materially affected the research or publication.
• Evidence of manipulated or compromised peer review.
• Other serious publication misconduct affecting the reliability of the article.

7. Retraction Procedure

When a credible concern is raised about a published article, Advanced Scientific Research may follow a structured assessment process.

Investigation

Where necessary, the editorial office may request information from authors, reviewers, institutions or other relevant parties.

Advanced Scientific Research may consider institutional findings or other reliable evidence when assessing serious allegations.

8. Retraction Notice

When an article is retracted, Advanced Scientific Research should publish a clear retraction notice explaining the reason for the action to the extent that it can be responsibly disclosed.

The notice should identify the retracted article using appropriate bibliographic information, such as:

• Article title.
• Author name(s).
• Journal information.
• Volume, issue and publication details where applicable.
• DOI or other persistent article identifier where available.
• Reason for retraction.

9. Author Responsibilities

Authors should promptly inform Advanced Scientific Research if they discover a significant error or ethical issue in their published work.

Authors are expected to cooperate reasonably with editorial investigations and provide relevant information when requested.

Where an error is confirmed, authors may be asked to assist in preparing a correction or other appropriate post- publication notice.

10. Research and Publication Misconduct

Advanced Scientific Research takes allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously.

Concerns may include:

11. Appeals and Author Responses

Authors may submit a reasoned response if they believe that a proposed correction, Expression of Concern or retraction is based on inaccurate information or a significant misunderstanding.

Appeals should provide relevant evidence and clearly explain the grounds for reconsideration.

The editorial team may seek additional expert or institutional information when appropriate.

12. Maintaining the Scholarly Record

Advanced Scientific Research seeks to preserve the transparency and traceability of published research.

Retraction does not normally mean that bibliographic information should simply disappear from the journal archive. Instead, the publication record should clearly communicate the article's status.

Advanced Scientific Research Post-Publication Ethics Commitment

Advanced Scientific Research is committed to handling corrections, Expressions of Concern and retractions responsibly, fairly and transparently.

The objective of any post-publication action is to protect the integrity of the scholarly record while respecting the rights and responsibilities of authors, reviewers, editors and readers.